What is the Difference Between Block and File Storage?

June 21, 2021

An efficient and well-sorted data storage solution is a key requirement of any business. Moreover, the landscape of how businesses use and interact with data is changing drastically, so it is crucial to bank on scalable storage solutions that are responsive to the dynamics of an organisation. This blog talks about Block Storage and File Storage, two top-rated cloud storage solutions for enterprises.

File Storage Vs Block Storage

There is no one correct answer to which is good or which is bad. Both the storage solutions have their own set of applications, and by having a clear understanding of how each functions businesses can assess which one would be the right fit for their needs.

Understanding File Storage

It is the most familiar storage system that everyone has been using since the day's computers came into use. You store data in your personal computers using the file storage system. The key element that is unique to file storage is its hierarchical model.For instance, you have a folder called "Employee Salary Details", then within this folder, you can have multiple other folders like "Salary details", "Perks", "Bonus", etc. Likewise, when data or a file is stored following a folder within the folder hierarchy, it can be called file storage. Now, there are two key things regarding file storage system :

  • First, every file gets stored as one single piece
  • Second, every file gets stored at one particular location

This means, to access a file, one needs to follow the correct pathway, which is the unique address to that file. For instance, the address to your file might be c://documents/veryimptfiles/employee details/salary details/file.txt.

The Mechanism of File Storage

When you store a file on your personal computer, you create an address to that particular file, which is valid for your computer only. Following the same address on a different computer won't lead you to the same piece of data. So how can you make the file accessible from other computers? For that, you need to share your data over a network connecting the other users' computers. This is done through NAS (Network Attached Storage).

NAS is a shared repository that will make a file or data accessible from different computers connected over a network. File storage solutions are most relevant when data sharing needs to be done within a small team.

Understanding Block Storage:

Why is it needed?

File storage has a complexity. To understand that, imagine a step-up where a network is not restricted to a few computers only; rather, it is connecting thousands of computers, and the data in sharing is not in KB size but in GB size. That much heavy data management over one network will take a few seconds, if not less, to bring the whole network down.

Cloud-based NAS file storage solutions address this complexity of traditional file storage systems to some extent, but the proper solution is cloud block storage.

The mechanism of block storage:

The trademark of block storage is its lowest latency. Latency means the time of retrieval, i.e., how fast the storage system can retrieve the data files when someone requests to access those. Block-storage low latency makes it the most efficient storage system. So, what causes low latency in block storage.

Suppose there is a file of GB size; the block will break it into small blocks of equal size. These broken blocks are called chunks. So the data in the block storage doesn't exist as a single piece, unlike that in file storage; rather, it exists as small size chunks. Now that is not all about the low latency of the block storage system. There is more to it:

To understand, try to picture this: your computer's OS is busy processing many other things, and at the same time, you want it to save or retrieve a file from the storage. That will be an extra load on your OS. But block storage doesn’t let this happen.

It adds a middle layer between your computer OS and the storage system. This middle layer is called SAN (Server Area Network). SAN is nothing but one single server or a group of servers, which are operating systems; it can be Windows OS, Linux OS, or multiple OS.

The purpose of the SAN-OS is to take over the responsibility of data processing; everything happens in the SAN-OS and not in your computer OS. This keeps your computer off the load.

Now, come to the data storing part. Block storage is not a single entity. It is a collection of independent volumes; volumes can be pictured as hard drives in the server. These volumes are not connected to each other but connected to the servers or the OS in the SAN. In a nutshell, the block storage mechanism is something like this:

  • The computer OS makes a request to save a file to the storage or retrieve the file
  • SAN receives the request, breaks the data file into small and same size chunks or blocks
  • Does the indexing of the blocks and randomly distributes it among the Volumes in the storage.

The Crux

Block storage is considered a highly efficient storage system because storing and retrieving data is not dependent on the user OS. The SAN identifies the connected blocks through indexing and puts them together to retrieve the data in its original form.

The Final Words : File Storage Vs Block Storage

In block storage, data is stored in blocks, whereas, in file storage, data is stored as files in a single piece. A block is not a complete file, so integration is not a property of the block, but in file storage, you can integrate data in different folders. You can access block storage data over any operating system, which is not the case with file storage. Block storage is like a hard drive in the server, so it is more flexible than file storage. File storage is simpler and easier to manage. Block storage is popular as a networking architecture used by enterprises for business-critical applications, while file storage is ideal for data sharing within small teams.

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A Complete Guide To Customer Acquisition For Startups

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To resolve this, typically, companies invest, but if that is not channelized properly, it will be futile.

So, the best way out of this dilemma is to have a clear customer acquisition strategy in place.

How can you create the ideal customer acquisition strategy for your business?

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You need to define your goals so that you can meet the revenue expectations you have for the current fiscal year. You need to find a value for the metrics –

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How will you acquire customers who will eventually tell at what scale and at what rate you need to expand your business? You could market and sell your products on social media channels like Instagram, Facebook and YouTube, or invest in paid marketing like Google Ads. You need to develop a unique strategy for each of these channels. 

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If you know exactly what your customers have in mind, then you will be able to develop your customer strategy with a clear perspective in mind. You can do it through surveys or customer opinion forms, email contact forms, blog posts and social media posts. After that, you just need to measure the analytics, clearly understand the insights, and improve your strategy accordingly.

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Reference Links

https://www.helpscout.com/customer-acquisition/

https://www.cloudways.com/blog/customer-acquisition-strategy-for-startups/

https://blog.hubspot.com/service/customer-acquisition

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State-of-the-art Technology Used by the Datasets for the Reconstruction of 3D Objects

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Training with the help of one or multiple RGB images, where the segmentation of the 3D ground truth needs to be done. It could be one image, multiple images or even a video stream.

The testing will also be done on the same parameters, which will also help to create a uniform, cluttered background, or both.

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  • Training used

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Volumetric representations and surface representations can do the reconstruction. Powerful computer systems need to be used for reconstruction.

Given below are some of the places where 3D Object Reconstruction Deep Learning Systems are used:

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  • It can be used for re-modelling ruins at ancient architectural sites. The rubble or the debris stubs of structures can be used to recreate the entire building structure and get an idea of how it looked in the past.
  • They can be used in plastic surgery where the organs, face, limbs or any other portion of the body has been damaged and needs to be rebuilt.
  • It can be used in airport security, where concealed shapes can be used for guessing whether a person is armed or is carrying explosives or not.
  • It can also help in completing DNA sequences.

So, if you are planning to implement this technology, then you can rent the required infrastructure from E2E Networks and avoid investing in it. And if you plan to learn more about such topics, then keep a tab on the blog section of the website

Reference Links

https://tongtianta.site/paper/68922

https://github.com/natowi/3D-Reconstruction-with-Deep-Learning-Methods

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A Comprehensive Guide To Deep Q-Learning For Data Science Enthusiasts

For all data science enthusiasts who would love to dig deep, we have composed a write-up about Q-Learning specifically for you all. Deep Q-Learning and Reinforcement learning (RL) are extremely popular these days. These two data science methodologies use Python libraries like TensorFlow 2 and openAI’s Gym environment.

So, read on to know more.

What is Deep Q-Learning?

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State> Next state> Action> Reward

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What is Reinforcement Learning?

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Now, the understanding of reinforcement learning is incomplete without knowing about Markov Decision Process (MDP). MDP is involved with each state that has been presented in the results of the environment, derived from the state previously there. The information which composes both states is gathered and transferred to the decision process. The task of the chosen agent is to maximize the awards. The MDP optimizes the actions and helps construct the optimal policy.

For developing the MDP, you need to follow the Q-Learning Algorithm, which is an extremely important part of data science and machine learning.

What is Q-Learning Algorithm?

The process of Q-Learning is important for understanding the data from scratch. It involves defining the parameters, choosing the actions from the current state and also choosing the actions from the previous state and then developing a Q-table for maximizing the results or output rewards.

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In case the Q-table size is huge, then the generation of the model is a time-consuming process. This situation requires Deep Q-learning.

Hopefully, this write-up has provided an outline of Deep Q-Learning and its related concepts. If you wish to learn more about such topics, then keep a tab on the blog section of the E2E Networks website.

Reference Links

https://analyticsindiamag.com/comprehensive-guide-to-deep-q-learning-for-data-science-enthusiasts/

https://medium.com/@jereminuerofficial/a-comprehensive-guide-to-deep-q-learning-8aeed632f52f

This is a decorative image for: GAUDI: A Neural Architect for Immersive 3D Scene Generation
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GAUDI: A Neural Architect for Immersive 3D Scene Generation

The evolution of artificial intelligence in the past decade has been staggering, and now the focus is shifting towards AI and ML systems to understand and generate 3D spaces. As a result, there has been extensive research on manipulating 3D generative models. In this regard, Apple’s AI and ML scientists have developed GAUDI, a method specifically for this job.

An introduction to GAUDI

The GAUDI 3D immersive technique founders named it after the famous architect Antoni Gaudi. This AI model takes the help of a camera pose decoder, which enables it to guess the possible camera angles of a scene. Hence, the decoder then makes it possible to predict the 3D canvas from almost every angle.

What does GAUDI do?

GAUDI can perform multiple functions –

  • The extensions of these generative models have a tremendous effect on ML and computer vision. Pragmatically, such models are highly useful. They are applied in model-based reinforcement learning and planning world models, SLAM is s, or 3D content creation.
  • Generative modelling for 3D objects has been used for generating scenes using graf, pigan, and gsn, which incorporate a GAN (Generative Adversarial Network). The generator codes radiance fields exclusively. Using the 3D space in the scene along with the camera pose generates the 3D image from that point. This point has a density scalar and RGB value for that specific point in 3D space. This can be done from a 2D camera view. It does this by imposing 3D datasets on those 2D shots. It isolates various objects and scenes and combines them to render a new scene altogether.
  • GAUDI also removes GANs pathologies like mode collapse and improved GAN.
  • GAUDI also uses this to train data on a canonical coordinate system. You can compare it by looking at the trajectory of the scenes.

How is GAUDI applied to the content?

The steps of application for GAUDI have been given below:

  • Each trajectory is created, which consists of a sequence of posed images (These images are from a 3D scene) encoded into a latent representation. This representation which has a radiance field or what we refer to as the 3D scene and the camera path is created in a disentangled way. The results are interpreted as free parameters. The problem is optimized by and formulation of a reconstruction objective.
  • This simple training process is then scaled to trajectories, thousands of them creating a large number of views. The model samples the radiance fields totally from the previous distribution that the model has learned.
  • The scenes are thus synthesized by interpolation within the hidden space.
  • The scaling of 3D scenes generates many scenes that contain thousands of images. During training, there is no issue related to canonical orientation or mode collapse.
  • A novel de-noising optimization technique is used to find hidden representations that collaborate in modelling the camera poses and the radiance field to create multiple datasets with state-of-the-art performance in generating 3D scenes by building a setup that uses images and text.

To conclude, GAUDI has more capabilities and can also be used for sampling various images and video datasets. Furthermore, this will make a foray into AR (augmented reality) and VR (virtual reality). With GAUDI in hand, the sky is only the limit in the field of media creation. So, if you enjoy reading about the latest development in the field of AI and ML, then keep a tab on the blog section of the E2E Networks website.

Reference Links

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/362323995_GAUDI_A_Neural_Architect_for_Immersive_3D_Scene_Generation

https://www.technology.org/2022/07/31/gaudi-a-neural-architect-for-immersive-3d-scene-generation/ 

https://www.patentlyapple.com/2022/08/apple-has-unveiled-gaudi-a-neural-architect-for-immersive-3d-scene-generation.html

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