Step-by-Step Guide to Build an AI-First CRM

June 3, 2024

The goal of this blog is to build an AI-first CRM application that receives signals about customers, researches information about them, and automatically drafts outreach campaigns for products that those customers might be interested in.

Introduction - The Potential of AI-Powered CRM

The future of Customer Relationship Management (CRMs) lies in the hands of AI-powered solutions that can autonomously gather, analyze, and act upon customer data. AI is transforming industries and CRMs are no exception to this. Traditional CRMs rely heavily on manual data entry and human intervention. However, the future belongs to AI-powered CRMs that can automate repetitive tasks, derive insights from vast amounts of data, and make intelligent decisions.

Imagine a CRM that can receive signals about customers from various touchpoints, such as social media, email, and website interactions. It can then proactively research and gather relevant information about each customer, building comprehensive profiles. Armed with this knowledge, the AI-powered CRM can predict the products or services that would most likely interest each individual customer. It can then automatically generate personalized outreach campaigns, tailored to their specific needs and preferences.

Workflow

We’ll take the following steps (in sequential order) to build our AI-powered CRM application:

Create a fake (sample) dataset containing customer information, like name, age, gender, location, and preferences, and insert it into a PostgresSQL table.
Load a dataset of products. We’ll be using ckandemir/amazon-products from Hugging Face. It has about 24K rows of Products and their Descriptions. We’ll insert these Products (as vector embeddings) along with their Descriptions (as metadata) into the PGVector database.
Then we’ll create another dataset of Customer Signals, which will include search activity signals of various customers. For example, Customer Sanya Gupta searched for Indie Films. We’ll insert this data in another SQL table.
Finally, we’ll write a function that crafts automatic outreach emails when given a customer name. The function, based on the customer’s name, collects the relevant information about them from the SQL database. Then it does a vector search on the PGVector Database to find products that are similar to the customer’s preferences.
The information collected from the SQL and the vector database are then passed onto the LLM (Llama 3 on Ollama) to generate the outreach email.

The Code

Since we’ll be using an AI-heavy stack to develop our CRM application, we’ll need a high-performance GPU compute for our processing needs. E2E Networks provides a fleet of AI-optimized GPUs. Check it out here: https://myaccount.e2enetworks.com/.

First, set up PostGres SQL

Update your system’s package list:


  ```bash
   sudo apt update
   ```

Install PostgreSQL with:


 ```bash
   sudo apt install postgresql postgresql-contrib
   ```

PostgreSQL should start automatically. You can check its status with:


 ```bash
   sudo systemctl status postgresql
   ```

Create a Database and User

Switch to the default PostgreSQL user:


 ```bash
   sudo -i -u postgres
   ```

Access the PostgreSQL prompt by typing:


  ```bash
   psql
   ```

Create a new database:


  ```sql
   CREATE DATABASE mydatabase;
   ```

Create a user with a password:


   ```sql
   CREATE USER myuser WITH ENCRYPTED PASSWORD 'mypassword';
   ```

Grant all privileges on the database to your new user:


  ```sql
   GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON DATABASE mydatabase TO myuser;
   ```

Exit the PostgreSQL prompt:


  ```bash
   \q
   ```

Alternatively, you can also launch a PostGresSQL Cluster on E2E Cloud. Details are here.

Now install all the Python packages needed by running ```pip install -r requirements.txt```:


psycopg2-binary
langchain_postgres
ollama
langchain

We’ll create sample customer information data.

Then we’ll insert it into a SQL Table called customers:


import psycopg2


# Database connection parameters
db_name = "mydatabase"
db_user = "myuser"
db_pass = "mypassword"
db_host = "localhost"
db_port = "5432"


# Connect to the database
conn = psycopg2.connect(
    dbname=db_name,
    user=db_user,
    password=db_pass,
    host=db_host,
    port=db_port
)


# Create a cursor object using the connection
cursor = conn.cursor()


# SQL command to create a table
create_table_command = """
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS customers (
    id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
    name VARCHAR(100),
    age INT,
    gender VARCHAR(10),
    location VARCHAR(100),
    preferences TEXT
);
"""




def insert_customers(cursor, customers):
    for customer in customers:
        cursor.execute(
            "INSERT INTO customers (id, name, age, gender, location, preferences) VALUES (%s, %s, %s, %s, %s, %s)",
            (customer["id"], customer["name"], customer["age"], customer["gender"], customer["location"], ", ".join(customer["preferences"]))
        )

try: # Execute the SQL command to create the table cursor.execute(create_table_command) # Insert customer data insert_customers(cursor, customers) conn.commit() # Commit the transaction print("Table created and data inserted successfully") except psycopg2.Error as e: # Handle the error case print("An error occurred:") print(e) conn.rollback() # Rollback the transaction in case of an error finally: # Close the cursor and the connection cursor.close() conn.close()

Now, load the dataset of products:


from datasets import load_dataset


dataset = load_dataset('ckandemir/amazon-products', split= 'train')

df = dataset.to_pandas()

Convert it into Document format, saving the product name in the main content body and the description in the metadata.


from langchain.docstore.document import Document
documents = [Document(page_content= row['Product Name'], metadata={"Description": row['Description'] } ) for index, row in df.iterrows()]

Next, launch a Docker container for PGVector enabled PostGres using LangChain.


docker run --name pgvector-container -e POSTGRES_USER=langchain -e POSTGRES_PASSWORD=langchain -e POSTGRES_DB=langchain -p 6024:5432 -d pgvector/pgvector:pg16

Then we’ll upsert the vectors in batches of 1000 into the vector DB.


batch_size = 1000  # Adjust the batch size as needed
num_batches = (len(documents) + batch_size - 1) // batch_size


for i in range(num_batches):
    start_idx = i * batch_size
    end_idx = min((i + 1) * batch_size, len(documents))
    batch_documents = documents[start_idx:end_idx]
    batch_ids = list(range(start_idx + 1, end_idx + 1))
    vectorstore.add_documents(batch_documents, ids=batch_ids)
    print(f"Batch no. {i} done")

After that, we’ll create a dataset for customer signals based on their preferences:


import random


# Define search signals based on preferences
search_signals_examples = {
    "Movies": ["latest blockbusters", "indie films", "movie tickets"],
    "Cricket": ["cricket gear", "match tickets", "cricket club memberships"],
    "Books": ["bestselling books", "library memberships", "e-books"],
    "Traveling": ["flight tickets", "hotel bookings", "travel gear"],
    "Music": ["concert tickets", "music streaming subscriptions", "musical instruments"],
    "Biking": ["bike accessories", "new bicycles", "cycling gear"],
    "Cooking": ["cooking classes", "kitchen gadgets", "recipe books"],
    "Art": ["art supplies", "museum tickets", "online art courses"],
    "Fitness": ["gym memberships", "fitness gear", "personal trainers"],
    "Tech": ["latest gadgets", "software deals", "tech gadgets"],
    "Yoga": ["yoga mats", "yoga classes", "meditation apps"],
    "Reading": ["latest novels", "book clubs", "digital readers"],
    "Gardening": ["garden tools", "plant seeds", "gardening books"],
    "Chess": ["chess sets", "chess books", "chess tournament entries"],
    "Dancing": ["dance classes", "dancewear", "performance tickets"],
    "Shopping": ["online store coupons", "shopping mall deals", "exclusive sales"],
    "Photography": ["camera gear", "photography courses", "photo editing software"],
    "Fashion": ["fashion accessories", "clothing sales", "fashion shows"],
    "Blogging": ["blog hosting services", "content creation tools", "SEO courses"],
    "Hiking": ["hiking gear", "trail maps", "guided tours"],
    "Politics": ["political books", "campaign gear", "debate tickets"],
    "Nature": ["nature documentaries", "outdoor gear", "conservation projects"],
    "Languages": ["language courses", "travel guides", "language learning apps"],
    "History": ["history books", "documentary subscriptions", "historical tours"],
    "Public Speaking": ["public speaking workshops", "presentation tools", "public speaking books"],
    "Writing": ["writing seminars", "publishing guides", "writing software"],
    "Gaming": ["video games", "gaming consoles", "online game subscriptions"]
}


# Generate search signals
customer_signals = []
for customer in customers:
    signals = [random.choice(search_signals_examples.get(pref, [])) for pref in customer['preferences']]
    combined_signals = ', '.join(signals)
    customer_signals.append((customer['id'], customer['name'], combined_signals))

Insert into a SQL database called Customer_Signals.


import psycopg2


# Database connection parameters
db_name = "mydatabase"
db_user = "myuser"
db_pass = "mypassword"
db_host = "localhost"
db_port = "5432"


# Connect to the database
conn = psycopg2.connect(
    dbname=db_name,
    user=db_user,
    password=db_pass,
    host=db_host,
    port=db_port
)


# Create a cursor object using the connection
cursor = conn.cursor()


# SQL to create the Customer_Signals table
create_table_command = """
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS Customer_Signals (
    id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
    name VARCHAR(255),
    search_signals VARCHAR(255)
);
"""


# Execute the create table command
cursor.execute(create_table_command)
conn.commit()


# Insert data into the Customer_Signals table
insert_command = "INSERT INTO Customer_Signals (id, name, search_signals) VALUES (%s, %s, %s) ON CONFLICT (id) DO UPDATE SET name = EXCLUDED.name, search_signals = EXCLUDED.search_signals;"


for signal in customer_signals:
    cursor.execute(insert_command, signal)


# Commit the insertions
conn.commit()


# Close the database connection
cursor.close()
conn.close()


print("Table created and data inserted successfully.")

We then craft the final function that composes the campaign email after fetching relevant data from the SQL databases and vector database.


from langchain_community.llms import Ollama


def draft_email(customer_name):


    # Connect to the database
    conn = psycopg2.connect(
        dbname=db_name,
        user=db_user,
        password=db_pass,
        host=db_host,
        port=db_port
    )


    # Create a cursor object using the connection
    cursor = conn.cursor()


    # SQL query to join customers and customer_signals on the name column and filter by name
    sql_query = """
    SELECT c.name, c.age, c.gender, c.location, s.search_signals
    FROM customers c
    JOIN customer_signals s ON c.name = s.name
    WHERE c.name = %s;
    """


    try:
        # Execute the SQL query with parameter
        cursor.execute(sql_query, (customer_name,))


        # Fetch the result
        record = cursor.fetchone()


        if record:
            customer_age = record[1]
            customer_gender = record[2]
            customer_location = record[3]
            customer_search_signal = record[4].split(',')[0]


        else:
            print("No data found for the given name.")


    except Exception as e:
        print(f"An error occurred: {e}")


    finally:
        # Close the cursor and connection to the database
        cursor.close()
        conn.close()


    #Retrieving Products and their descriptions from the vectorstore
    vector_search = vectorstore.similarity_search(customer_search_signal)
    product_to_sell = vector_search[0].page_content
    description_of_product_to_sell = vector_search[0].metadata['Description']


    #Putting all the relevant information in the prompt
    formatted_prompt = prompt.format(customer_name= customer_name ,customer_gender= customer_gender,
                                     customer_age= customer_age, customer_location= customer_location,
                                     product_to_sell= product_to_sell,
                                     description_of_product_to_sell= description_of_product_to_sell)


    llm = Ollama(model="llama3")


    return llm.invoke(formatted_prompt)

In the above example, instead of deploying a local Llama 3 endpoint through Ollama, we can instead deploy an endpoint on E2E’s TIR platform. Follow this guide. Once deployed, the endpoint be accessed using this code:


import requests
import json


url = "https://infer.e2enetworks.net/project/p-2475/endpoint/is-1393/v1/models/finetuned-meta-llama-Llama-3-8b-hf:predict"


api_key = 'YOUR_API_KEY'
query = 'YOUR_QUERY'


payload = json.dumps({
    "instances": [
    {
        "text": f'{query}'
    }
    ]
})


headers = {
    'Content-Type': 'application/json',
    'Authorization': 'Bearer ' + f'{api_key}'
}


response = requests.request("POST", url, headers=headers, data=payload)


response.text

Results


draft_email('Aarav Kumar')

---

**Subject: Relive Your Favorite Friends Moments with Our Exclusive Card Game!**

Dear Aarav Kumar,

Hope this email finds you well! As a 30-year-old guy from Delhi, we're sure you've got a soft spot for the iconic TV show Friends. Who doesn't love Ross's sarcastic remarks or Joey's foodie adventures?

We're excited to introduce you to our top-of-the-line product - the **Friends Top 30 Moments Card Game**! This entertaining and educational game is designed to bring your favorite Friends moments to life. With over 100 cards featuring iconic scenes, characters, and quotes from the show, this game is sure to delight fellow Friends fans like yourself.

Here's how it works:

1. Shuffle the deck and draw a card.
2. Answer trivia questions or complete challenges inspired by the featured scene.
3. Score points based on your performance.
4. Compete with friends and family to be the ultimate Friends champion!

This unique game is perfect for:

- Friends reunions
- Family gatherings
- Game nights with fellow fans

As a valued customer from Delhi, we're offering you an **exclusive 10% discount** on your first purchase of the Friends Top 30 Moments Card Game. Use code **FRIENDS10** at checkout to redeem your offer.

Don't miss this chance to relive the laughter and excitement of Friends! Order now and get ready for a fun-filled experience with friends and family.

Best regards,

[Your Name]  
E-commerce Expert

P.S. Don't forget to share your gaming experiences with us on social media using **#FriendsForever**!

---

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Any business is enlivened by its customers. Therefore, a strategy to constantly bring in new clients is an ongoing requirement. In this regard, having a proper customer acquisition strategy can be of great importance.

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To resolve this, typically, companies invest, but if that is not channelized properly, it will be futile.

So, the best way out of this dilemma is to have a clear customer acquisition strategy in place.

How can you create the ideal customer acquisition strategy for your business?

Define what your goals are

You need to define your goals so that you can meet the revenue expectations you have for the current fiscal year. You need to find a value for the metrics –

MRR – Monthly recurring revenue, which tells you all the income that can be generated from all your income channels.
CLV – Customer lifetime value tells you how much a customer is willing to spend on your business during your mutual relationship duration.
CAC – Customer acquisition costs, which tells how much your organization needs to spend to acquire customers constantly.
Churn rate – It tells you the rate at which customers stop doing business.

All these metrics tell you how well you will be able to grow your business and revenue.

Identify your ideal customers

You need to understand who your current customers are and who your target customers are. Once you are aware of your customer base, you can focus your energies in that direction and get the maximum sale of your products or services. You can also understand what your customers require through various analytics and markers and address them to leverage your products/services towards them.

Choose your channels for customer acquisition

How will you acquire customers who will eventually tell at what scale and at what rate you need to expand your business? You could market and sell your products on social media channels like Instagram, Facebook and YouTube, or invest in paid marketing like Google Ads. You need to develop a unique strategy for each of these channels.

Communicate with your customers

If you know exactly what your customers have in mind, then you will be able to develop your customer strategy with a clear perspective in mind. You can do it through surveys or customer opinion forms, email contact forms, blog posts and social media posts. After that, you just need to measure the analytics, clearly understand the insights, and improve your strategy accordingly.

Combining these strategies with your long-term business plan will bring results. However, there will be challenges on the way, where you need to adapt as per the requirements to make the most of it. At the same time, introducing new technologies like AI and ML can also solve such issues easily. To learn more about the use of AI and ML and how they are transforming businesses, keep referring to the blog section of E2E Networks.

‍

Reference Links

https://www.helpscout.com/customer-acquisition/

https://www.cloudways.com/blog/customer-acquisition-strategy-for-startups/

https://blog.hubspot.com/service/customer-acquisition

This is a decorative image for: Constructing 3D objects through Deep Learning

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Highly calibrated cameras that take a photograph of the image from various angles.
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By using the apparatus and datasets, you will be able to proceed with the 3D reconstruction from 2D datasets.

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Input

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The testing will also be done on the same parameters, which will also help to create a uniform, cluttered background, or both.

Output

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Network architecture used

The architecture used in training is 3D-VAE-GAN, which has an encoder and a decoder, with TL-Net and conditional GAN. At the same time, the testing architecture is 3D-VAE, which has an encoder and a decoder.

Training used

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Given below are some of the places where 3D Object Reconstruction Deep Learning Systems are used:

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They can be used in plastic surgery where the organs, face, limbs or any other portion of the body has been damaged and needs to be rebuilt.
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It can also help in completing DNA sequences.

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Reference Links

https://tongtianta.site/paper/68922

https://github.com/natowi/3D-Reconstruction-with-Deep-Learning-Methods

This is a decorative image for: Comprehensive Guide to Deep Q-Learning for Data Science Enthusiasts

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What is Deep Q-Learning?

Deep Q-Learning utilizes the principles of Q-learning, but instead of using the Q-table, it uses the neural network. The algorithm of deep Q-Learning uses the states as input and the optimal Q-value of every action possible as the output. The agent gathers and stores all the previous experiences in the memory of the trained tuple in the following order:

State> Next state> Action> Reward

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What is Reinforcement Learning?

Reinforcement is a subsection of ML. This part of ML is related to the action in which an environmental agent participates in a reward-based system and uses Reinforcement Learning to maximize the rewards. Reinforcement Learning is a different technique from unsupervised learning or supervised learning because it does not require a supervised input/output pair. The number of corrections is also less, so it is a highly efficient technique.

Now, the understanding of reinforcement learning is incomplete without knowing about Markov Decision Process (MDP). MDP is involved with each state that has been presented in the results of the environment, derived from the state previously there. The information which composes both states is gathered and transferred to the decision process. The task of the chosen agent is to maximize the awards. The MDP optimizes the actions and helps construct the optimal policy.

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What is Q-Learning Algorithm?

The process of Q-Learning is important for understanding the data from scratch. It involves defining the parameters, choosing the actions from the current state and also choosing the actions from the previous state and then developing a Q-table for maximizing the results or output rewards.

The 4 steps that are involved in Q-Learning:

Initializing parameters – The RL (reinforcement learning) model learns the set of actions that the agent requires in the state, environment and time.
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Choosing the optimal action set and gaining the relevant experience – A Q-table is generated from the data with a set of specific states and actions, and the weight of this data is calculated for updating the Q-Table to the following step.
Updating Q-table rewards and next state determination – After the relevant experience is gained and agents start getting environmental records. The reward amplitude helps to present the subsequent step.

In case the Q-table size is huge, then the generation of the model is a time-consuming process. This situation requires Deep Q-learning.

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Reference Links

https://analyticsindiamag.com/comprehensive-guide-to-deep-q-learning-for-data-science-enthusiasts/

https://medium.com/@jereminuerofficial/a-comprehensive-guide-to-deep-q-learning-8aeed632f52f

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The evolution of artificial intelligence in the past decade has been staggering, and now the focus is shifting towards AI and ML systems to understand and generate 3D spaces. As a result, there has been extensive research on manipulating 3D generative models. In this regard, Apple’s AI and ML scientists have developed GAUDI, a method specifically for this job.

An introduction to GAUDI

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What does GAUDI do?

GAUDI can perform multiple functions –

The extensions of these generative models have a tremendous effect on ML and computer vision. Pragmatically, such models are highly useful. They are applied in model-based reinforcement learning and planning world models, SLAM is s, or 3D content creation.
Generative modelling for 3D objects has been used for generating scenes using graf, pigan, and gsn, which incorporate a GAN (Generative Adversarial Network). The generator codes radiance fields exclusively. Using the 3D space in the scene along with the camera pose generates the 3D image from that point. This point has a density scalar and RGB value for that specific point in 3D space. This can be done from a 2D camera view. It does this by imposing 3D datasets on those 2D shots. It isolates various objects and scenes and combines them to render a new scene altogether.
GAUDI also removes GANs pathologies like mode collapse and improved GAN.
GAUDI also uses this to train data on a canonical coordinate system. You can compare it by looking at the trajectory of the scenes.

How is GAUDI applied to the content?

The steps of application for GAUDI have been given below:

Each trajectory is created, which consists of a sequence of posed images (These images are from a 3D scene) encoded into a latent representation. This representation which has a radiance field or what we refer to as the 3D scene and the camera path is created in a disentangled way. The results are interpreted as free parameters. The problem is optimized by and formulation of a reconstruction objective.
This simple training process is then scaled to trajectories, thousands of them creating a large number of views. The model samples the radiance fields totally from the previous distribution that the model has learned.
The scenes are thus synthesized by interpolation within the hidden space.
The scaling of 3D scenes generates many scenes that contain thousands of images. During training, there is no issue related to canonical orientation or mode collapse.
A novel de-noising optimization technique is used to find hidden representations that collaborate in modelling the camera poses and the radiance field to create multiple datasets with state-of-the-art performance in generating 3D scenes by building a setup that uses images and text.

To conclude, GAUDI has more capabilities and can also be used for sampling various images and video datasets. Furthermore, this will make a foray into AR (augmented reality) and VR (virtual reality). With GAUDI in hand, the sky is only the limit in the field of media creation. So, if you enjoy reading about the latest development in the field of AI and ML, then keep a tab on the blog section of the E2E Networks website.

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Reference Links

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/362323995_GAUDI_A_Neural_Architect_for_Immersive_3D_Scene_Generation

https://www.technology.org/2022/07/31/gaudi-a-neural-architect-for-immersive-3d-scene-generation/

https://www.patentlyapple.com/2022/08/apple-has-unveiled-gaudi-a-neural-architect-for-immersive-3d-scene-generation.html